Royalty sharing is one of the few parts of Ugandan mining law that is genuinely simple. Royalties collected on mineral production are apportioned between central government, the local government of the area and the owner or lawful occupier of the land. The proportions are set in law, not negotiated case by case.
The recurring finding put before Parliament's natural resources committee is not that the formula is wrong. It is that transfers arrive late, arrive incomplete, or arrive without a breakdown showing which production they relate to.
Why late is the same as lost
A sub-county that receives a royalty transfer two financial years after the production it derives from cannot plan against it. It will already have committed or foregone the spending that the transfer was meant to fund, and the money arrives into a budget cycle that has no line for it. That is how transfers end up absorbed into recurrent costs rather than the road, borehole or classroom the community associates with the mine.
The landowner share is the weakest link
The landowner or lawful occupier portion depends on someone identifying who that is. Where land is customary, unregistered or contested, the share has nowhere to go, and there is no consistent district practice for holding it. Communities read the absence as theft. In many cases it is administrative failure, which is fixable, and in some it is not, which is why the distinction has to be established rather than assumed.
What would settle it
A published, district-level statement of royalties assessed, collected and transferred, by mineral and by period. Until that exists, every committee session on this subject will repeat the last one.